Electric-lighting system for cars.



No. 634.286. Patented 0st. 3, |899. J. L. CREVELING.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEM FUR CARS.

Application flerl July 15, 1899.` vNo Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet Nmc lllllll WWII Patented Oct. 3, |899.

J. L. CBEVELING.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

(Application led July 15, 1899A 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

`TNO Model.) I

.QM E l m N. N u i@ MN M. E www *mmm MIM wm H WN/ Iwxn s mIIm m: Nonms crews co, Pwmuuwo, wAsHmaro UNTTED STATES PATENT Ormea@ .IOIIN Il. OREVELING, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC-LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming" part of Letters Patent No. 634,286, dated October 3, 1899. Application tiled July 15, 1899. Serial No. 723,912. (No model.)

To (1J/Z whom t may concern: after be explained. The dynamo-leads 7 and Be it known that I, JOHN L. OREVELING, a 8 are connected to the posts 9 and 10 of any citizen of the United States, residing` at New suitable style pole-changeradapted to reverse 55 York, county of New York, State of New the connections between the generator and 5 York, haveinvented new and usefulImprovethe line upon the reversal of direction of roments in Electric-Lighting Systems for ars, tation of the armature. This switch I have of which the following is a specification, refmerely indicated bythe contact-levers 11 and erence being had to the accompanying draw- 12, adapted to connect the terminals 9 with `6o ings, forming a part thereof. 13 and 10 with 1t or 9 with 1% and 10 with 15,

1o My invention pertains to a system et lightaccording to the direction of rotation of the ing cars by electricity generated by power armature or direction of current supplied taken from some rotating member the rotathereby, inasmuch as this switch forms ne tion of which is dependent upon the motion part of my present invention. A switch 65 of the train-as, for example, the car-axle. adapted to till this ol'lice is shown in Patent 15 Inasmuch as any such member is necessarily No. 627,326, granted to me June 20, 1899.

subject to varying speed of rotation, stop- The main 16 connects one side of the pole page, and even reversal, it becomes necessary changer (the positive side being taken for exto provide means of maintaining practicallyample) with the series coil (3, from which the 7c steady voltage regardless of the speed above main 17 runs to the positive terminal of the zo a critical point and to provide means for battery 1S and the lamps or other translating maintaining the lights while the speed shall devices 19. The main 2O connects the other be below this point. In order tokecp apracside of the pole-changer with the switch 21, tically-constant voltage upon the lamps and from which the line 22 leads to the negative 75 other devices, I have used a self-regulating pole of the battery and the translating devices z5 dynamo of the differential compound type, 19. The switch 21 may be of any of the wellhaving the series coils in opposition to the known types adapted to close when the vol shunt or energizing coils, and to maintain the tage ot' the generator equals or exceeds that of lights during stoppage or before the genera-' the battery and to open when the' voltage of Se ter has reached the critical speed I have emthe generator falls below that of the battery,

3o ployed storage batteries or accumulators. It so as to prevent the battery discharging back may readily be seen that in a system of this through the generator tending to drive the class, in which the speed is variable, intersame as a motor. This switch is merely indimittent, and reversible, it is advantageous to cated in the drawings,inasmuch as it forms no S 5 have the generator reach the voltage of the part of my present invention.

35 battery at as low speed as practicable. This The wire 24- connects one end of the shunt I have accomplished by strongly energizing or energizing coil 5 with the dynamo-main 1G, the dynamoeiield by current taken from the while 25 connects the other end of the coil storage battery, and my invention comprewith the winding of the magnet 2G,from which 9e hends means whereby the connection between the wire 27 leads to the other dynamo-main 4o the field-energizing coils and the battery is 20. The magnet 26 is provided with the armade when the armature approaches a cermature 2S, pivotally supported as by the tain speed and broken when the speed of the screw 29 and carrying` the contact-piece 31 armature falls belowacertain degree,thus preinsulated therefrom as by the member 9 5 venting waste of current by owing through The spring 33, adjustable as by the screw 3l,

45 the energizing-coils while the generator is at tends to hold the armature 28 away from the rest. magnet 26. ,Vhen excited, the magnet 2t In FigureI of the drawings, 1 represents the tends to attract its armature 2S and to cause armature, 2 the commutator, and o the cere, 31 to establish electrical connection between loc of the field-magnet of a dynamo or generator 37 and 3S. The wire l2 connects one end of 5o provided with theenergizing-coils 4 and 5 and the excitingeoil 4 with the main 17, while the demagnetizing or regulating coil 6, the eonwire 43 connects the opposite end of the coil nections and functions of which will hereiuet with the switch-terminal 3S, and the wire krt gli leads from the switch-teriuiual 37 to the main In Fig. ll all the parts shown in lfig. fl are present and have been given like numbers, and 1 have shown the wire 42 as joined to the wire 16 instead of the wire 17, as shown in Fig. l, merely to indicate that it may lead from either side of the coil G. ln Fig. ll, however, the following modifications are shown: The armature 28 has attached at its upper` end the contact-piece 30, insulated therefrom as bythe member 32 and so arranged as to cause electrical connection between the terminals 35 and Sti when the armature 28 is in the position shown in the drawings, in which position the spring 33 tends to hold it and to break the connection between and 3o when the armature 28 is moved toward the magnet 2G. The wire Si) taps the coil 5 at a suitable point, as indicated at 40, and leads to the terminal 3G,and the wire ll connects the terminal 35 with the wire 25. 'lhc magnet 23 is inserted in the main 22, and has an armature 4U, pivotally snpliiortethas by 117, and provided with the contact-piece '18, adapted to cause electrical connection between the terminals 4.5 and 5l when in the position shown in the drawings, in which position it is held by the influence of the spring Lt9, adjustable as by the screw 50, u util the influence of the spring is overcome by the magnet 23. The wire -l-l .leads to the terminal t5, and the wire 52 connects the terminal 51 with the main The resistance 53 may be connected across the terminals Ll5 and 51 'l'or the purpose of adjustment, as will be explained.

The practical operation of my improved systex'n, as shown in Fig. l, is substantially as follows: Starting with the armature at rest and the switches in the positions shown in the drawings, now if the train start to move the armature will revolve and the pole-changing switch will properly connect the dynamoleads 7 and 8 with the mains 1G and 20, and in'this case we will consider the armature rcvolving in such direction as to cause 7 to be the positive and 8 the negative lead. As soon as the armature reaches any appreciable speed the residual magnetism ol' the fieldinagnet core 8 will cause a current to be generated in the armature, which will ilow from the lead 7 through the switch 9 11 13 to thc main 16, to wire 2-1, through coil 5 and wire 25, through windings of magnet 2G to wire 27, to wire 20, switch 1t 12 10, returning to the armature through the lead 8. This current will be very feeble at a very low speed; but it the magnet 2G be properly designed it may be caused by this current to attract its armature 28 when the armature ofthe dynamo is still revolving at a slow speed. When the speed is sulcicnt to cause the magnet 2G to attract this armature, electrical connection will be established between 37 and 38 and current will flow from the battery 18, through the main 17 to wire `t2, coil 4i, wire .l-S, switch 88 31 37, and` rei urning to the battery through wire slet. 'lhis current will strongly energize coil l, and this coil, together with coil 5, provides a strong and stable field, and the voltage of the generator will steadily increase with the speed until the voltage is reached at which the switch 21 is set to operate, and when this speed isvreached the switch will close and allow current to llow from 1G through demagnetizing-coil o', main 17 to the battery 18 and lamps or other translating devices 19, from which return is made through wire 22, switch 21, and wire 20. As speed increases the current flowing through the mains and battery will increase; but owing` to the low resistance of the battery and the ellect of the demagnetiZing-coil 0, itproperly proportioned, the voltage upon the mains will be practically constant within the limits of speed reached by the train. Should the speed fall until the voltage ot the generator is low enough to cause the switch 21 to open, the battery alone will supply current to the lamps, and should it rise again 2l will close and the generator will again supply current to the battery and lamps. New it' the speed Vfall again the switch 2l will open at the proper voltage, and if it 'still continue to fall the current llowing through 2G will decrease until the magnet is unable to hold its armature against the iniluenco ol the spring 2325, when the connection between 31 37 38 will be broken, and if the speed now remain below this point or if the car be stopped no current will be wasted by flowing from the battery through the shunt-coil -1-.

' Should the train start again in the same direction, the operation may be determined from the above. Should the train start in the opposite direction, the operation may bc followed from the above description, providing the pole-changer respond properly and connect 7 with 1stand 8 with 15, as intended; but should the pole-changer fail to work and leave the connections as shown in the drawings it will be seen that no injury could be caused to the battery, since the current would flow through the coil 5 in the direction opposed to that intended, and when of proper strength to cause the magnet 2G to close the switch 31 37 38 the battery-current through the coil t would generate magnetic lines of force in an opposite direction to those generated by the coil 5, so that the voltage required to close the switch 21 could not be reached at any speed made by the train;

The practical operation of the system, as shown in Fig. Il, is substantially as follows: Starting with the armature at rest and the switches in the position shown in the drawings, if the armature start to revolve the polechanger will connect the leads 7 and 8 with the mains according to the direction otrotation, which we will take as being such as to cause 7'to be the positive and 8 the negative lead. As soon as the armature revolves at any appreciable speed the residual magnetism ol the core 3 willV cause a current to be IOO IIO

senese generated in the armature, which will flow trom the armature 1 through lead 7, switch f) 11 13 to main 1G to 2i, through coil 5 to point lO,whereit will divide and mostly flow through the wire 39 to switch 35 230 3G Aand wire il to the winding of coil 2G, part also going through the remainder of coil 5 and wire 25 to the windings ot the magnet 2G, from which return to the generator is 1n ade through the wire 27, main 20, switch 1i 12 10, and lead 8. Ot' course this current will have a very low voltage while the armature is revolving very slowly; but owing to the very low resistance of the few turns of the field-magnet and the external circui-t the quantity ot current that will flow through the magnet 26 will be considerable and will increase at an enormous rate even at low speed. Thus it is obvious that it the coil 5 be properly wound and tapped in the proper place and it the magnet 2G be properly proportioned this current may be made to operate the armature or switch lever 2S at a very low speed et revolution of the dyname-armature. As soon as this necessary speed is reached the armature is suddenly drawn over to the pole-piece ol the magnet 26, breaking the connection through SO 235 and establishing` connection between the terminals 37 and 3S. This allows current to [low from the battery 1S, through main 1G, to wire 42, thence through coil a to wire e3, through switch 3S 3l 37 to wire 44, to switch 45 4S 51 to wire 52, and wire 22 to the opposite pole of the battery 1S. rlhis current strongly energizes the field-coil /l-, and 'the current flowing through the shunt-magnet 5 and magnet 2G now is capable of holding the armature 2S even though the speed ot' the dynamo-armature still be very slow. New if the speed increase the voltage of the dynamo will steadily increase and when the proper voltage is reached the switch 2l will close and current will flow through the main 18, series-demagnetizing coil G, main 17 to battery 1S and lamps 19 to main 22 through windings ot' magnet 23, switch 2l to wire 20, and we will now have practically a di'llerential compound dynamo with one series-demagnetizing coil and two shunt or energizing coils in multiple. .Vith a differential compound dynamo of this type a wide variation of speed is possible with little variation ot' voltage above a critical point, but the current increases with the speed. Ot course, a generator can be compounded so as to give the maximum currentpermissible at the maximum speed of the train, but with this arrangement very little current is generated at the lower speeds and atthe normal speed of the train only about one-half of the maximum current is usually given. In order to generate considerable current at a low speed and as strong it not stronger at the normal than at the maximum speed, l have employed the switch operated by the magnet 23, the windings ol' which are in series with the armaturecircuit. This switch is so constructed. that when the current llowing through 23 reaches a predetermined strength the magnet will attract its armature it and break the connection between l5, 18, and l, thus either cutting out the shunt-coil lor inserting the resistance 525, as indicated by the dotted linein the drawings, as may be desired. Then th is coil is cut out or the resistance 53 inserted, as the case may he, the current tlowing from the generator is greatly lessened, but the windings of the coil 2S, the spring 40, and the distance between the arnmture i6 and the mag net are so proportioned that. the magnet lil will still hold its armature with this reduced current on account of the reduction ot the airgap. li' the speed now increase, the generator will merely supply a stronger current to the battery an d lam ps. Should the speed fall until the current lflowing through 23 is unable to hold the armature all against the action ofthe spring 1.3, the armature will be pulled away 'from the magnet and cause the shunt-coil -1 to again exert its full strength upon the generator-field. rlhis will cause the current 'from the generator to be greatly increased, and it the speed increase again the connections bctween fl5,flS,aud 5l will again be broken. However, should the speed tall. until the voltage be reached at which the switch 2l is set to open, the main circuit will be broken and will remain so unless the speed again rise,when the above-outlined operation would be repeated. Should the speed fall still lower, the magnet 2G will weaken, but will not release the armature 28 until the train is nearly stationary, owing to the in tluence oi the coil ll. Should the armature stop, 'the magnet 26 will release its armature, breaking the battery circuit through the coil e, avoiding all loss of current flowing through this coil while the car is standing, and making connection between 35, 30, and 3G, thereby shunting a large portion ot the energizing-c0115 and establishing a circuit ol very low resistance across the armature-mains. Should the train again start in either direction, the operation may be determined from the above.

I do not wish in any way to limit myself to the exact terms ot' apparatus shown in the drawings,which are merely examples of forms of apparatus embodying my invention and which might be subject to considerable alteration without departing from the spirit thereof.

Having thus described my invention, what 1 consider as novel, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is set forth in the following claims:

1. fl. main circuit containing a dynamo, a storage battery and an electric make-andbreak switch, said dynamo having a field-energizing coil or coils in derived circuit across the mains between the generator and said switch, and 'a field-energizing coil or coils in a derived circuit `trom the battery, in combination with an electromagnetic switch adapted to close said derived circuit when excited by current generated iu the dynamo-armaturc ICO IIO

IZO

, ceases to flow, substantially and to open said circuit when said current described.

2. A circuit containing a generator, a storage battery and an electric switch adapted to close said circuit when the electromotive force of the generator reaches a predetermined degree and to open said circuit when the electromotive force of the generator falls to a predetermined degree and a pole-changing switch adapted to reverse the dynamo -terminals upon reversal ot' direction of rotation of the armature, said dynamo having a Vheld-exciting coil or coils in a derived circuit from the battery and a field-exciting coil or coils in a derived circuit across the mains between the pole-changer and the main switch, substantially as described.

3. A generatorhaving a held-energizing coil or coils in shunt across the generator-mains, and a vl'ield-energizing coil or coils in a circuit containing a storage battery and an electromagnetic switch, said electromagnetic switch having an operating coil or coils deriving `current from the armature of the gcnerator whereby said switch is caused to close the circuit containing the energizing-coil and the storage battery when current from the generator shall have reached a certain voltage, and to open said circuit when the volta ge ol' this current shall have fallen to a certain degree, substantially as described.

At. A main circuitcontainingagenerator, a storage battery and a main 1nal e-andbreali switch, said gencraiorhaving a held-energizing coil or coils in shunt across the mains between the generator and the main switch, and a field coil or coils in a derived circuit from the storage battery, said derived circuit containing an electromagnetic switch having an actuating' coil or coils deriving current from the dynamo-armature, in combination with a circuit ol' low resistance containing an actuating coil or coils of said switch and a JOHN L. C. UCVEl/I'NG.

` fitnessesz H. G. Dai-nvm, Emma lll. Amycus. 

